Dawlado badan oo Maraykan ah ayaa soo gabagabeeyey in ilalaha tamarta qoraxda, dabaysha iyo ilaha kale ee tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo aysan ku filneyn ilaalinta korontada iyagoo doonaya inay si weyn u yareeyaan isticmaalkooda shidaalka fosil
PROVIDENCE, RI - Iyadoo isbeddelka cimiladu uu ku riixayo dawladaha Mareykanka inay yareeyaan isticmaalkooda shidaalka fosil, qaar badan ayaa soo gabagabeeyey in tamarta qorraxda, dabaysha iyo ilaha kale ee tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo aysan ku filneyn inay wax sii socdaan.
Marka ay dalalku ka guuraan dhuxusha, saliidda iyo gaasta si ay u yareeyaan qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo oo ay ka fogaadaan saamaynta ugu xun ee meeraha kulaalaya, quwadda nukliyeerka ayaa soo baxaysa sidii xal loogu heli lahaa madhan.Xiisaha soo cusboonaatay ee tamarta nukliyeerka ayaa timid iyadoo shirkado uu ka mid yahay aasaasaha Microsoft Bill Bill Gates waxa ay horumarinayaan reactors ka yar yar oo ka jaban si ay u kabaan xadhkaha korantada ee bulshooyinka Maraykanka oo dhan
nalalka wadada qoraxda
Awoodda Nukliyeerka waxay leedahay dhibaatooyin u gaar ah oo suurtagal ah, gaar ahaan qashinka shucaaca ah oo sii ahaan kara khatar kumanaan sano ah. Laakiin taageerayaasha ayaa sheegaya in khataraha la yareyn karo, tamartuna waxay muhiim u tahay xasilinta sahayda korontada marka dunidu isku daydo in ay iska ilaaliso kaarboon dioxide- siidaaya shidaalka.
Jeff Lyash, oo ah madaxweynaha iyo maamulaha maamulka Dooxada Tennessee, ayaa si fudud u dhigay: Ma jirto hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid qiiqa kaarboonka iyada oo aan lahayn awoodda nukliyeerka.
"Waqtigan xaadirka ah, ma arko waddo nagu gaari doonta iyada oo aan la haynin maraakiibta hadda jirta oo aan dhisin xarumo cusub oo nukliyeer ah," ayuu yiri Lyash. "Taasi waa ka dib markii la kordhiyo qadarka tamarta qorraxda ee aan ku dhisi karno nidaamka. ”
TVA waa adeeg ay federaali leedahay oo koronto siiya toddobo gobol waana koronto dhaliyaha seddexaad ee ugu weyn Mareykanka. Waxay ku dari doontaa ilaa 10,000 megawatts oo koronto qoraxda ah 2035-ku filan in ay koronto ku dhawaad 1 milyan guri sanadkii - sidoo kale waxay shaqeysaa saddex dhirta tamarta nukliyeerka iyo qorshayaasha lagu tijaabiyo reactor yar ee Oak Ridge, Tennessee. By 2050, waxay rajaynaysaa in la gaaro saafiga ah eber qiiqa, taasoo la micno ah in aan mar dambe gaas aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo ah oo la soo saaray in ka badan laga saaro jawiga.
Sahan ay samaysay wakaaladda wararka ee Associated Press oo ku saabsan siyaasadda tamarta ee dhammaan 50-ka gobol iyo degmada Columbia waxay ogaatay in aqlabiyad aad u badan (qiyaastii saddex-meelood laba meelood) ay rumaysan yihiin in tamarta nukliyeerka ay ka caawin doonto beddelka shidaalka fosil si uun ama si kale. balaadhinta ugu horeysay ee dhismaha reactor nuclear ee Maraykanka in ka badan soddon sano.
Qiyaastii saddex-meelood meel hal meel oo ka mid ah gobollada iyo Degmada Columbia oo ka jawaabaya sahanka AP ayaa sheegay in aysan wax qorshe ah u lahayn inay ku daraan tamarta nukliyeerka ahdaashooda tamarta cagaaran, iyagoo si weyn ugu tiirsan tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo. Saraakiisha tamarta ee gobolladaas ayaa sheegaya in hadafyadooda la gaari karo sababtoo ah horumarka. Kaydinta tamarta batteriga, maalgelinta shabakadaha gudbinta korantada sare ee gobollada, hoos u dhaca baahida biyo-xireennada korontada iyo dadaallada waxtarka tamarta ee korontada.
nalalka wadada qoraxda
Kala qaybsanaanta dawladaha Maraykanka ee quwadda Nukliyeerka ayaa doodo la mid ah ka socdaa Yurub, iyadoo waddamo uu Jarmalku ka mid yahay ay meesha ka saareen reacter-yadooda iyo kuwo kale, sida Faransiiska oo ku dheggan farsamada ama qorsheynaya inay dhisaan wax badan.
Maamulka Biden, oo isku dayay inuu qaado tillaabooyin gardaro ah si loo yareeyo qiiqa gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, ayaa ku doodaya in tamarta nukliyeerka ay ka caawin karto hoos u dhaca shidaalka ku salaysan kaarboonka ee tamarta Maraykanka.
Xoghayaha tamarta ee Maraykanka Jennifer Granholm ayaa u sheegtay wakaaladda wararka ee Associated Press in dawladdu ay doonayso in ay gaadho koronto eber-kaarboon ah, taas oo macnaheedu yahay Nukliyeer, oo macnaheedu yahay hydro, oo macnaheedu yahay geothermal, taas oo sida cad macnaheedu yahay dabaysha iyo dabaysha xeebaha, oo macnaheedu yahay qorraxda..”
"Waxaan rabnaa dhammaan," Granholm ayaa yiri intii lagu jiray booqasho uu ku tagay Providence, Rhode Island, bishii Disembar si kor loogu qaado mashruuca dabaysha xeebaha.
$1 trillion xirmada kaabayaasha dhaqaalaha Biden uu taageeray oo saxiixay sharciga sannadkii hore waxay u qoondayn doontaa $2.5 bilyan mashaariicda horumarinta falcelinta. mustaqbalka xorta ah.
Granholm waxa kale oo ay tibaaxday tignoolajiyada cusub ee ku lug leh hydrogen iyo qabashada iyo kaydinta kaarboon laba ogsaydh ka hor inta aan lagu sii dayn jawiga.
Dareen-celinta nukliyeerka waxay u shaqeynayeen si la isku halleyn karo oo kaarboon-la'aan ah muddo tobanaan sano ah, wadahadalka isbeddelka cimilada ee hadda jira wuxuu keenaa faa'iidooyinka tamarta nukliyeerka ee safka hore, ayay tiri Maria Kornick, madaxweynaha iyo maamulaha Ururka Tamarta Nukliyeerka.
"Miisaanka shabakadan ee Maraykanka oo dhan, waxay u baahan tahay wax had iyo jeer jira, waxayna u baahan tahay shay dhab ahaantii noqon kara laf-dhabarka shabakadan, haddii aad rabto," ayay tidhi. "Taasi waa sababta ay ugu shaqeyso dabaysha, qoraxda iyo nukliyeerka."
Edwin Lyman, oo ah agaasimaha badbaadada tamarta nukliyeerka ee Ururka Saynisyahanada walaacsan, ayaa sheegay in tignoolajiyada nukliyeerka ay wali leedahay khataro muhiim ah oo ilaha tamarta kaarboon-yar ee aan haysan. Koronto qaali ah, ayuu yidhi. Waxa kale oo uu ka walaacsan yahay in warshaduhu ay gooyaan amniga iyo amniga si ay lacag u badbaadiyaan oo ay ugu tartamaan suuqa. Kooxdu kama soo horjeedo isticmaalka tamarta nukliyeerka, laakiin waxay rabaan inay hubiyaan inay ammaan tahay.
"Rajo kama qabo inaan arki doono badbaadada saxda ah iyo shuruudaha amniga taasoo iga dhigi karta inaan ku raaxaysto qaadashada ama keenista waxa loogu yeero reactors-ka yar ee dalka oo dhan," Lyman ayaa yidhi.
Maraykanku sidoo kale ma laha qorshayaal wakhti dheer ah oo lagu maareeyo ama lagu tuuro qashinka khatarta ah ee ku jiri kara deegaanka boqolaal kun oo sano, labadaba qashinka iyo reactor labaduba waxay halis ugu jiraan shilal ama weeraro lala beegsaday, Lyman ayaa yidhi 2011 masiibooyinka nukliyeerka ee Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, Chernobyl, iyo dhawaanahan, Fukushima, Japan, waxay bixisay digniin waarta oo khataraha ah.
Awoodda nukliyeerka ayaa horeyba u bixisa 20 boqolkiiba korontada Mareykanka iyo kala bar tamarta kaarboon-la'aanta ee Ameerika. Inta badan 93 reactors ee shaqeeya waxay ku yaalliin bariga Wabiga Mississippi.
Bishii Ogosto 2020, Guddiga Nidaaminta Nukliyeerka ayaa ansixiyay hal naqshad cusub oo cusub oo cusub - oo ka timid shirkad lagu magacaabo NuScale Power. Saddex shirkadood oo kale ayaa u sheegay guddiga inay qorsheynayaan inay dalbadaan naqshadahooda. Dhammaan waxay isticmaalaan biyo si ay u qaboojiyaan xudunta.
NRC ayaa la filayaa in ay soo gudbiso nashqadaha ilaa nus darsin reactors horumarsan oo isticmaala walxaha aan biyaha ahayn si ay u qaboojiyaan xudunta u ah, sida gaaska, biraha dareeraha ah ama cusbo dhalaalay. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah mashruuc ay samaysay shirkadda Gates TerraPower ee Wyoming, dhuxusha ugu weyn -soo saara gobolka ee Maraykanka.Waxay muddo dheer ku tiirsanayd dhuxusha awoodda iyo shaqooyinka waxayna u dirtaa in ka badan kala badh gobollada.
Maaddaama ay korontada ka baxdo dhuxusha, Wyoming waxay ka faa'iidaysanaysaa tamarta dabaysha waxayna ku rakibtay awoodda dabaysha saddexaad ee ugu weyn gobol kasta sanadka 2020, oo ay ka dambeeyaan kaliya Texas iyo Iowa. Laakiin Glenn Murrell, oo ah agaasimaha fulinta ee Waaxda Tamarta ee Wyoming, ayaa sheegay inay tahay wax aan macquul ahayn in la filayo dhammaan Tamarta qaranka in lagu bixiyo gabi ahaanba dabaysha iyo cadceedda.Tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo waa in ay la shaqeyso tignoolajiyada kale sida nukliyeerka iyo hydrogen, ayuu yidhi.
TerraPower waxa ay qorshaynaysaa in ay dhisto warshadeeda mudaaharaadka horumarsan ee Kemmerer, oo ah magaalo ay ku nool yihiin 2,700 oo qof oo ku taal galbeedka Wyoming, halkaas oo warshadda korantada ee dhuxusha ay xidhayso.
Galbeedka Virginia, oo ah gobol kale oo ku tiirsan dhuxusha, qaar ka mid ah sharci-dejiyeyaasha ayaa isku dayaya inay baabi'iyaan joojinta gobolka ee dhismaha xarumaha cusub ee Nukliyeerka.
Reactor-ka labaad ee TerraPower-nakhshad ah ayaa laga dhisi doonaa Shaybaadhka Qaranka ee Idaho. Tijaabada reactor chloride-ka dhalaalaysa waxay yeelan doontaa xudun yar sida qaboojiyaha iyo milix dhalaalaysa si ay u qaboojiso halkii biyaha.
Wadamada kale ee taageera awooda nukliyeerka, Georgia waxay ku adkeysaneysaa in ballaarinta tamarta nukliyeerka ay " siin doonto Georgia tamar nadiif ah oo ku filan " 60 ilaa 80 sano. Kharashka guud ayaa hadda ka badan labanlaab lacagtii markii hore la saadaaliyay 14 bilyan, mashruucuna sanado ayuu dib uga dhacay waqtigii loo qorsheeyay.
New Hampshire waxay sheegtay in yoolalka deegaanka ee gobolka aan lagu gaari karin si la awoodi karo la'aanteed tamarta nukliyeerka. Maamulka Tamarta ee Alaska ayaa qorsheynayay isticmaalka tamarta nukliyeerka ee yar yar tan iyo 2007, laga yaabo in marka hore laga dhigo miinooyinka fog fog iyo saldhigyada milatariga.
Maamulka Tamarta ee Maryland ayaa sheegay in iyada oo dhammaan bartilmaameedyada tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo ay yihiin kuwo la ammaano oo kharashkuna hoos u dhaco, "mustaqbalka la saadaalin karo, waxaan u baahan doonaa shidaal kala duwan," oo ay ku jiraan nukliyeerka iyo tamarta gaaska dabiiciga ah oo nadiif ah, si loo hubiyo isku halaynta iyo dabacsanaanta. Waxaa jira Warshada tamarta nukliyeerka ee Maryland, iyo Maamulka Tamarta ayaa wadahadal kula jira soo saaraha reactors modular yar.
Saraakiisha kale, oo u badan dawladaha ay dimuqraadigu hogaamiso, ayaa sheegaya in ay ka gudbayaan awoodda nukliyeerka.Qaar ayaa sheegaya in aanay si weyn ugu tiirsanayn bilawgiiba oo uma malaynayaan in loo baahan yahay mustaqbalka.
Marka la barbar dhigo rakibidda marawaxadaha dabaysha ama muraayadaha qorraxda, qiimaha reactors cusub, welwelka amniga iyo su'aalaha aan la xallin ee ku saabsan sida loo kaydiyo qashinka halista ah ee nukliyeerka ayaa ah heshiisyada, waxay yiraahdeen. Qaar ka mid ah deegaanka ayaa sidoo kale ka soo horjeeda reactors yar yar sababtoo ah welwelka badbaadada iyo qashinka khatarta ah. Kooxda Sierra Club waxay ku tilmaantay "khatar sare, kharash badan iyo shaki aad u weyn".
Gobolka New York waxa uu leeyahay himilooyinka isbeddelka cimilada ee ugu hamiga badan qaranka, shabkada tamarta ee mustaqbalka waxa maamuli doona dabaysha, tamarta qoraxda iyo tamarta tamarta, ayuu yidhi Doreen Harris, madaxweynaha iyo maamulaha hay'adda Cilmi-baadhista iyo Horumarinta Tamarta ee Gobolka New York.
Harris waxay sheegtay inay aragto mustaqbal ka baxsan Nukliyeerka, oo hoos uga soo dhacay ku dhawaad 30% tamarta isku dhafka ah ee gobolka maanta ilaa ku dhawaad 5%, laakiin gobolku wuxuu u baahan doonaa kaydinta batari horumarsan, waarta iyo laga yaabee beddelaad nadiif ah sida shidaalka hydrogen.
Nevada ayaa si gaar ah u xasaasi u ah tamarta nukliyeerka ka dib markii uu fashilmay qorshe lagu kaydinayo shidaalka nukliyeerka ee gobolka Yucca Mountain. Saraakiisha halkaas uma arkaan tamarta nukliyeerka sida doorasho macquul ah. Halkii, waxay u arkaan suurtagalnimada tignoolajiyada batteriga kaydinta tamarta iyo tamarta geothermal.
"Nevada waxay si ka fiican u fahamsan tahay inta badan dawladaha kale in tignoolajiyada nukliyeerka ay leedahay arrimo muhiim ah oo nolosha ah," David Bozien, oo ah agaasimaha Xafiiska Tamarta ee Nevada, ayaa ku yiri hadal uu soo saaray. .”
Kaliforniya waxay qorsheyneysaa inay xirto warshadeeda tamarta nukliyeerka ee ugu dambeysa, Diablo Canyon, sanadka 2025 iyadoo u wareegeysa tamar jaban oo dib loo cusboonaysiin karo si ay koronto ugu sameyso shabakadeeda 2045.
Sida laga soo xigtay gobolka, mas'uuliyiintu waxay aaminsan yihiin in haddii California ay sii wado ballaarinta tamarta nadiifka ah "heerka rikoodhka 25-ka sano ee soo socda," ama la dhiso celcelis ahaan 6 gigawatts ee kaydinta qoraxda, dabaysha iyo batari cusub sannadkii, saraakiisha ayaa aaminsan inay waxay gaari kartaa hadafkan.qorshaynta dukumeentiga.California waxay kaloo soo dejisaa koronto laga soo saaro gobolada kale taasoo qayb ka ah nidaamka galbeedka Maraykanka.
Shakibadu waxay su'aal galiyaan in qorshaha tamarta dib loo cusboonaysiin karo ee California uu ku shaqayn doono ku dhawaad 40 milyan oo qof.
Dib u dhigista hawlgabka Diablo Canyon ilaa 2035 waxay badbaadin doontaa California $ 2.6 ee kharashka nidaamka korontada, waxay yaraynaysaa fursada mugdiga iyo qiiqa kaarboonka, cilmi-baaris ay sameeyeen saynisyahano ka tirsan Jaamacadda Stanford iyo MIT ayaa soo gabagabeeyey.Markii daraasadda la sii daayay bishii Nofembar, Xoghayihii hore ee Tamarta ee Maraykanka Steven Chu wuxuu sheegay in Maraykanku aanu diyaar u ahayn 100 boqolkiiba tamarta la cusboonaysiin karo wakhti kasta oo dhow.
"Waxay ahaan doonaan marka dabayshu aysan dhicin oo qorraxdu aysan ifin," ayuu yidhi." Oo waxaan u baahan doonaa xoogaa awood ah oo aan shidno oo aan diri karno markaan doono.Taasi waxay ka tagaysaa laba ikhtiyaar: shidaal fosil ama nukliyeer. "
Laakiin Guddiga Adeegga Dadweynaha ee California ayaa sheegay in wixii ka dambeeya 2025, Diablo Canyon ay u baahan karto "kor u qaadida seismic" iyo isbeddelada nidaamyada qaboojinta ee ku kici kara in ka badan $ 1. Af-hayeenka komishanka Terrie Prosper ayaa sheegay in 11,500 megawatts ee tamarta cusub ee tamarta nadiifka ah ay iman doonto online 2026 si daboolo baahiyaha mustaqbalka fog ee gobolka.
Jason Bordorf, oo ah asaasaha aasaasaha Machadka Cimilada Columbia, ayaa sheegay in iyada oo qorshaha California uu yahay "farsamo ahaan macquul ah," uu ka shakisan yahay sababtoo ah caqabadaha dhismaha awoodda koronto ee la cusboonaysiin karo si dhakhso ah.sex.Bordoff ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan "sababo wanaagsan" si loo tixgeliyo kordhinta nolosha Canyon Dark si loo yareeyo kharashka tamarta iyo in la yareeyo qiiqa sida ugu dhakhsaha badan.
"Waa inaan ku darnaa tamarta nukliyeerka si aan u aqoonsanno inaysan khatar la'aan ahayn.Laakiin khataraha ku guul dareysiga inaan buuxino yoolalkayada cimiladu waxay ka miisaan badan yihiin halista in lagu daro nukliyeerka tamarta kaarboon eber, "ayuu yidhi.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-22-2022
